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概述

本文主要講解如何二進制安裝Linux集群

環境信息

主機名	IP地址	系統
ELK01	10.0.0.40	Ubuntu22.04
ELK02	10.0.0.41	Ubuntu22.04
ELK03	10.0.0.42	Ubuntu22.04

實操

安裝JDK（所有節點都需要安裝）

ElasticSearch是使用Java語言開發的，所以運行時依賴JDK

安裝JDK可以參考這篇文章：https://www.cnblogs.com/huangSir-devops/p/18919758

ElasticSearch版本和Java版本對應關系，可以閱讀這篇文章：https://www.elastic.co/support/matrix#matrix_jvm

我們這里安裝ELasticSearch7.17.x版本的，我們安裝JDK11版本

|   |   |
| --- | --- |
|   |# 下載 |
|   | [root@master~]# wget https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/openjdk/11.0.2/openjdk-11.0.2_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz |
|   | [root@master~]# ll openjdk-11.0.2_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz |
|   | -rw-r--r--1root root187513052Jan182019openjdk-11.0.2_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz |
|   |   |
|   |# 解壓 |
|   | [root@master~]# tar -xvf openjdk-11.0.2_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz |
|   |   |
|   |# 創建軟連接 |
|   | [root@master~]# ln -s /root/jdk-11.0.2 /usr/local/jdk11 |
|   | [root@master~]# ll /usr/local/jdk11 |
|   | lrwxrwxrwx1root root16Jun1421:09 /usr/local/jdk11 ->/root/jdk-11.0.2/ |
|   |   |
|   |# 配置環境變量 |
|   | [root@master~]# vim /etc/profile |
|   |# 根據實際安裝路徑修改 |
|   | export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk11/ |
|   | export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH|
|   | export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar |
|   |   |
|   |# 加載環境變量 |
|   | [root@master~]# source /etc/profile |
|   |   |
|   |# 驗證 |
|   | [root@master~]# java -version |
|   | openjdk version"11.0.2"2019-01-15|
|   | OpenJDK Runtime Environment18.9(build11.0.2+9) |
|   | OpenJDK64-Bit Server VM18.9(build11.0.2+9, mixed mode) |

配置主機名及添加hosts解析

ELK01節點設置

|   |   |
| --- | --- |
|   | [root@master ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname ELK01 |
|   | [root@master ~]# hostname |
|   | ELK01 |

ELK02節點設置

|   |   |
| --- | --- |
|   | [root@master ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname ELK02 |
|   | [root@master ~]# hostname |
|   | ELK02 |

ELK03節點設置

|   |   |
| --- | --- |
|   | [root@master ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname ELK03 |
|   | [root@master ~]# hostname |
|   | ELK03 |

三臺節點都添加hosts解析

|   |   |
| --- | --- |
|   | [root@master ~]# vim /etc/hosts |
|   |10.0.0.40ELK01 |
|   |10.0.0.41ELK02 |
|   |10.0.0.42ELK03 |

配置時間同步（所有節點都需配置）

|   |   |
| --- | --- |
|   | [root@master ~]# ln -svf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime |
|   |#下載ntpdate 工具 |
|   | [root@master ~]# apt -y install ntpdate |
|   | [root@master ~]# ntpdate ntp.aliyun.com |
|   |   |
|   | [root@master ~]# echo "*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate ntp.aliyun.com" > /var/spool/cron/crontabs/root |

系統配置（所有節點都需配置）

優化系統參數

|   |   |
| --- | --- |
|   |[root@master ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf |
|   |# ES 需要大量文件描述符來處理索引和網絡連接，建議設置為較高值： |
|   |fs.file-max=655360|
|   |# ES 使用 mmap 技術加載索引，需增大虛擬內存區域限制： |
|   |vm.max_map_count=2147483642|
|   |# 禁用交換空間(swap分區) |
|   |vm.swappiness=1|
|   |   |
|   |# 網絡參數優化 |
|   |net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time=600|
|   |net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl=60|
|   |net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes=10|
|   |net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog=4096|
|   |net.core.somaxconn=4096|
|   |net.core.netdev_max_backlog=16384|
|   |net.core.rmem_max=262144|
|   |net.core.wmem_max=262144|
|   |   |
|   |# 使參數生效 |
|   |[root@master ~]# sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.conf |
|   |   |
|   |# 查詢參數，驗證是否生效 |
|   |[root@master ~]# sysctl -q vm.max_map_count |
|   |vm.max_map_count=2147483642|

創建es存儲目錄

|   |   |
| --- | --- |
|   |[root@master ~]# mkdir -p/data/elasticsearch/ |
|   |[root@master ~]# mkdir -p/var/log/elasticsearch/ |

創建es用戶

|   |   |
| --- | --- |
|   |[root@master ~]# useradd elasticsearch |
|   |[root@master ~]# id elasticsearch |
|   |uid=2002(elasticsearch) gid=2003(elasticsearch) groups=2003(elasticsearch) |
|   |   |
|   |# 授權 |
|   |[root@master ~]# chown elasticsearch:elasticsearch -R /data/elasticsearch/ |
|   |[root@master ~]# chown elasticsearch:elasticsearch -R /var/log/elasticsearch/ |

添加es用戶的限制

|   |   |
| --- | --- |
|   | [root@master ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf |
|   |# 最大文件描述符數 |
|   | elasticsearch hard nofile 655360 |
|   | elasticsearch soft nofile 655360 |
|   |# 最大進程數 |
|   | elasticsearch hardnproc8192 |
|   | elasticsearch softnproc8192 |
|   |# 鎖定內存限制 |
|   | elasticsearch hard memlock unlimited |
|   | elasticsearch soft memlock unlimited |

下載并配置ElasticSearch（所有節點操作）

官方下載地址：https://www.elastic.co/downloads/past-releases#elasticsearch

下載解壓ElasticSearch

|   |   |
| --- | --- |
|   |# 下載ElasticSearch |
|   | [root@master~]# wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-7.17.26-linux-x86_64.tar.gz |
|   | [root@master~]# ll elasticsearch-7.17.26-linux-x86_64.tar.gz |
|   | -rw-r--r--1root root325410598Dec 32024elasticsearch-7.17.26-linux-x86_64.tar.gz |
|   |   |
|   |# 解壓 |
|   | [root@master~]# tar -xvf elasticsearch-7.17.26-linux-x86_64.tar.gz |
|   |   |
|   |# 移動到/data目錄下 |
|   | [root@master~]# mv elasticsearch-7.17.26 /data/ |
|   |   |
|   |# 授權 |
|   | [root@master~]# chown elasticsearch:elasticsearch -R /data/elasticsearch-7.17.26/ |
|   |   |
|   |# 創建軟連接 |
|   | [root@master~]# ln -s /data/elasticsearch-7.17.26 /usr/local/es7 |
|   | [root@master~]# ll /usr/local/es7 |
|   | lrwxrwxrwx1root root27Jun1421:50/usr/local/es7 ->/data/elasticsearch-7.17.26/ |

修改配置文件

|   |   |
| --- | --- |
|   | [root@master ~]# vim /usr/local/es7/config/elasticsearch.yml |
|   | cluster.name: es7 |
|   | path.data: /data/elasticsearch |
|   | path.logs: /var/log/elasticsearch |
|   | network.host:0.0.0.0|
|   | http.port:9200|
|   | discovery.seed_hosts: ["ELK01","ELK02","ELK03"] |
|   | cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["ELK01","ELK02","ELK03"] |
|   |   |
|   |# 根據節點名稱來進行修改此字段 |
|   |# node.name: ELK01 |
|   |# node.name: ELK02 |
|   | node.name: ELK03 |

啟動ElasticSearch集群（三個節點都執行）

創建systemd文件

|   |   |
| --- | --- |
|   |[root@master ~]# vim /lib/systemd/system/es.service |
|   |[Unit]|
|   |Description=elasticsearch service |
|   |Documentation=https://www.cnblogs.com/huangSir-devops |
|   |After=network.target auditd.service |
|   |   |
|   |[Service]|
|   |LimitMEMLOCK=infinity |
|   |User=elasticsearch |
|   |ExecStart=/usr/local/es7/bin/elasticsearch |
|   |TimeoutStopSec=0|
|   |TimeoutStartSec=0|
|   |   |
|   |[Install]|
|   |WantedBy=multi-user.target |

加載systemd文件

|   |   |
| --- | --- |
|   | [root@master ~]# systemctl daemon-reload |

啟動es

|   |   |
| --- | --- |
|   | [root@master ~]# systemctl start es |
|   | [root@master ~]# systemctl status es |
|   | ● es.service - elasticsearch service |
|   | Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/es.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled) |
|   | Active: active (running) since Sat 2025-06-14 2119 CST; 34s ago |
|   | Docs: https://www.cnblogs.com/huangSir-devops |
|   | Main PID: 1420 (java) |
|   | Tasks: 43 (limit: 4519) |
|   | Memory: 2.1G |
|   | CPU: 54.474s |
|   | CGroup: /system.slice/es.service |
|   | ├─1420 /usr/local/es7/jdk/bin/java -Xshare:auto -Des.networkaddress.cache.ttl=60 -Des.networkaddress.cache.negative.ttl=10 -XX:+AlwaysPreTouch -Xss1m -Djava.awt.headless=true-D |
|   | file.encoding=UTF-8 -Djna.nosys=true-XX:-OmitStackTraceInFastThrow -XX:+ShowCodeDetailsInExceptionMessages -Dio.netty.noUnsafe=true-Dio.netty.noKeySetOptimization=true-Dio.netty.recycler. |
|   | maxCapacityPerThread=0 -Dio.netty.allocator.numDirectArenas=0 -Dlog4j.shutdownHookEnabled=false-Dlog4j2.disable.jmx=true-Dlog4j2.formatMsgNoLookups=true-Djava.locale.providers=SPI,COMPAT |
|   | --add-opens=java.base/java.io=ALL-UNNAMED -Djava.security.manager=allow -XX:+UseG1GC -Djava.io.tmpdir=/tmp/elasticsearch-1928841724883000105 -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError -XX:+ExitOnOutOfM |
|   | emoryError -XX:HeapDumpPath=data -XX:ErrorFile=logs/hs_err_pid%p.log"-Xlog:gc*,gc+age=trace,safepoint:file=logs/gc.log:utctime,pid,tags:filecount=32,filesize=64m"-XX:+UnlockDiagnosticVMOpt |
|   | ions -XX:G1NumCollectionsKeepPinned=10000000 -Xms1937m -Xmx1937m -XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=1016070144 -XX:G1HeapRegionSize=4m -XX:InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent=30 -XX:G1ReservePercent=15 -Des |
|   | .path.home=/usr/local/es7 -Des.path.conf=/usr/local/es7/config -Des.distribution.flavor=default -Des.distribution.type=tar -Des.bundled_jdk=true-cp"/usr/local/es7/lib/*"org.elasticsearch. |
|   | bootstrap.Elasticsearch |
|   | └─1603 /usr/local/es7/modules/x-pack-ml/platform/linux-x86_64/bin/controller |
|   |   |
|   | Jun 14 2147 ELK01 elasticsearch[1420]: [2025-06-14T2147,200][INFO ][o.e.n.Node        ] [ELK01] starting ... |
|   | Jun 14 2147 ELK01 elasticsearch[1420]: [2025-06-14T2147,216][INFO ][o.e.x.s.c.f.PersistentCache] [ELK01] persistent cache index loaded |
|   | Jun 14 2147 ELK01 elasticsearch[1420]: [2025-06-14T2147,217][INFO ][o.e.x.d.l.DeprecationIndexingComponent] [ELK01] deprecation component started |
|   | Jun 14 2147 ELK01 elasticsearch[1420]: [2025-06-14T2147,374][INFO ][o.e.t.TransportService  ] [ELK01] publish_address {10.0.0.40:9300}, bound_addresses {[::]:9300} |
|   | Jun 14 2147 ELK01 elasticsearch[1420]: [2025-06-14T2147,391][INFO ][o.e.x.m.Monitoring    ] [ELK01] creating template [.monitoring-alerts-7] with version [7] |
|   | Jun 14 2147 ELK01 elasticsearch[1420]: [2025-06-14T2147,400][INFO ][o.e.x.m.Monitoring    ] |

檢查集群節點

|   |   |
| --- | --- |
|   |# 檢查集群節點 |
|   | [root@master/var/log/elasticsearch]# curl 10.0.0.40:9200/_cat/nodes |
|   |10.0.0.402297120.410.380.26cdfhilmrstw * ELK01 |
|   |10.0.0.42697130.300.260.15cdfhilmrstw - ELK03 |
|   |10.0.0.412197120.230.190.11cdfhilmrstw - ELK02 |
|   |   |
|   |# 查看集群是否健康 |
|   | [root@master/var/log/elasticsearch]# curl 10.0.0.40:9200/_cat/health?v |
|   | epoch   timestamp cluster status node.total node.data shards pri relo init unassign pending_tasks max_task_wait_time active_shards_percent |
|   |174990998214:06:22 es7   green     3    3  4 2 0 0   0      0         -        100.0% |

鏈接：https://www.cnblogs.com/huangSir-devops/p/18928862

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